Several reports were produced as part of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) project. The Mali Climate Vulnerability Mapping (January 2014, 121 pages, 8.3 MB PDF) report by CIESIN authors by Alex de Sherbinin, Tricia Chai-Onn, Malanding Jaiteh, Marc Levy, Valentina Mara, Linda Pistolesi and Sylwia Trzaska of CIESIN and co-author Alessandra Giannini maps climate vulnerability hotspots in Mali, West Africa, using a spatial vulnerability index comprised of 18 indicators grouped into three vulnerability components: climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.